Of 3586 publications, 15 RCTs were included for the meta-analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and quantified by I2 statistic. A random-effects model was used to compute weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). RCTs that reported the effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure, BMI, liver function enzymes and MDA in patients with T2DM were included. PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched up to 15 November 2020 with no language and time restriction. The present study aimed to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of chromium supplementation on blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), liver function enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with T2DM. Several studies reported beneficial effects of chromium supplementation for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Chromium picolinate supplementation appears to positively contribute to the improvement of metabolic control and health, and could potentially be used as an auxiliary therapy in several diseases.
Also, a difference was observed in dosage of the supplementation among different samples and there was a largely variable time of treatment. Articles reviewed demonstrate that chromium picolinate has a positive action in glucose control, oxidative stress, lipid profile, protein synthesis, binge eating disorder and cognitive decline, although some studies showed absence of effect.
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The search resulted in 361 articles (Web of Knowledge: 245, Pubmed: 115, SciElo: 1) and after inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied, 12 articles were selected to analyze by reading the full text. Articles selected were published between 20 and written in English, Portuguese and Spanish. A systematic review was performed during July and September of 2015 through a search on PubMed, Web of Knowledge and SciElo databases using the keywords 'chromium picolinate' and 'supplementation'. Thus, the aim of this review is clarify and identify the applications of chromium picolinate, as well as its effectiveness under several clinical conditions.
In view of the numerous possible applications of chromium picolinate, understanding the therapeutic properties of this supplement becomes necessary. Its actions, however, extend beyond these metabolic changes, as it has positive effects in the clinical setting of cardiovascular disease, shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and even modulates behavior patterns, such as in depression and anxiety. Chromium picolinate is widely used as a supplement to improve glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile.
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